Houston, we have a PROBLEM.

To every problem, it is said that there are solutions for each one of them.

Problem solving
-“process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways.”

There are a few ways to solve a problem. Some are;

The famous, Trial & Error
- problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found.
- this means that we keep on trying repeatedly until our effort works. In malay you can that is a form "tembak je la"

Algorithms  
- To solve a certain problem, a series of very specific step-by-step procedures need to be taken.
For example, to solve a Rubik's cube, there are a series of algorithms to solve the first, middle and last layer.

In life, there will come a point in time that this sentence will be used to you by your parents. Later on, you would too.

"I've already eaten more salt than you. I know better!"
This is because of heuristic.
- an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also known as a “rule of thumb.”

Means-end analysis is a type of heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined. Then steps are taken to reduce the difference.
A game that test this the "Tower of Hanoi".

Ever had a "Eureka !" moment? You suddenly realized the the solution to that riddle your friend asked. This is actually what is called an "insight".

But there are barriers is solving problems.
-Functional fixedness
This is where a block to solve the problem occurs when you think that an object only for its typical function.

For example.

You ran out of candles. There's a blackout. You then found oranges ...

Tadaaaa!

-Mental set
This is where you have the tendency to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked in the past for a present problem.

-Confirmation Bias
-This is where you have the tendency to search for evidence that fit's only your belief and disregard those that don't fit in.

Sometimes, we can see this in supporting the act of smoking.
Some people focuses on the positive effects and totally push aside evidences about the cons of smoking.